This route is not for every bill
CMS explains that patient-provider dispute resolution is for certain uninsured or self-pay consumers whose bill is at least $400 more than the good faith estimate from a provider or facility, with timing and document requirements.
Emergency care is different
Patients should not assume the good faith estimate process applies to emergency care. CMS states that uninsured or self-pay patients generally receive an estimate when care is scheduled in advance or requested, not during emergency care.
Do not wait on deadline questions
CMS describes a 120-calendar-day window from the initial bill for eligible dispute starts. Patients should confirm the current rule and preserve the bill date before waiting on a callback.